1,363 research outputs found
Sequential Voting Promotes Collective Discovery in Social Recommendation Systems
One goal of online social recommendation systems is to harness the wisdom of
crowds in order to identify high quality content. Yet the sequential voting
mechanisms that are commonly used by these systems are at odds with existing
theoretical and empirical literature on optimal aggregation. This literature
suggests that sequential voting will promote herding---the tendency for
individuals to copy the decisions of others around them---and hence lead to
suboptimal content recommendation. Is there a problem with our practice, or a
problem with our theory? Previous attempts at answering this question have been
limited by a lack of objective measurements of content quality. Quality is
typically defined endogenously as the popularity of content in absence of
social influence. The flaw of this metric is its presupposition that the
preferences of the crowd are aligned with underlying quality. Domains in which
content quality can be defined exogenously and measured objectively are thus
needed in order to better assess the design choices of social recommendation
systems. In this work, we look to the domain of education, where content
quality can be measured via how well students are able to learn from the
material presented to them. Through a behavioral experiment involving a
simulated massive open online course (MOOC) run on Amazon Mechanical Turk, we
show that sequential voting systems can surface better content than systems
that elicit independent votes.Comment: To be published in the 10th International AAAI Conference on Web and
Social Media (ICWSM) 201
Stress, Stress Utilization, and Creativity
This study investigated the effects of stress on creative problem solving. It was predicted that individuals in a stressful condition would perform worse on creative problem solving tasks than individuals in a relaxed condition and worse than individuals in a stressful condition where they successfully coped with the incident. It was also predicted that when in a stressful experience, individuals who are able to acknowledge and to advantageously use the information obtained from a stressful situation (high stress utilization) would perform better on creative problem solving tasks than individuals who are not able to acknowledge and use this information (low stress utilization). Participants wrote about one of the following personal incidents: (a) a stressful incident with which they did not successfully cope (stress), (b) a stressful incident with which they did successfully cope (cope), or (c) a relaxing incident (relax). The dependent variable, creativity, was measured using three different tasks: (a) divergent thinking, (b) category combination, and (c) creative problem solving. Individuals in the stress condition generated fewer divergent thinking ideas and fewer problem solutions than individuals in both the cope and relax conditions. No differences in solution quality were found between conditions. Also, there were no differences in creative performance between individuals high and low in stress utilization. Although the stress utilization predictions did not materialize, the stress utilization measure displayed adequate internal consistency and discriminant validity. Implications regarding the influence of stress on idea generation is provided as well as suggestions for additional research on the stress utilization construct
Syntheses in the Pyridazine Series. XXXII. Some Investigations on Polynuclear Systems Containing a Pyridazine Ring
Some 5,6-dihydrobenzo[f]phthalazines have been aromatized
to II and the structures of a number of nitro derivatives prepared
from several polynuclear systems (III, IV, V) , have been established
Syntheses in the Pyridazine Series. XXXII. Some Investigations on Polynuclear Systems Containing a Pyridazine Ring
Some 5,6-dihydrobenzo[f]phthalazines have been aromatized
to II and the structures of a number of nitro derivatives prepared
from several polynuclear systems (III, IV, V) , have been established
Frustration - how it can be measured
A misfit parameter is used to characterize the degree of frustration of
ordered and disordered systems. It measures the increase of the ground-state
energy due to frustration in comparison with that of a relevant reference
state. The misfit parameter is calculated for various spin-glass models. It
allows one to compare these models with each other. The extension of this
concept to other combinatorial optimization problems with frustration, e.g.
p-state Potts glasses, graph-partitioning problems and coloring problems is
given.Comment: 10 pages, 1 table, no figures, uses revtex.st
Self-Reported Leadership Experiences in Relation to Inventoried Social and Emotional Intelligence
Leadership has both social and emotional components. Social intelligence appears to tap the social component found in leadership. Recently, emotional intelligence has surfaced as a stable individual difference variable and appears to tap the emotional component of leadership. Mayer and Salovey (1993) suggested that the emotional intelligence and social intelligence constructs overlap. This study examined the power of both emotional and social intelligence to account for variance in self-reported leadership experiences. One hundred ninety-two university students completed measures of social and emotional intelligence and a measure of leadership experiences. Regression analyses showed that both social intelligence and emotional intelligence accounted for variance in leadership experiences. Although emotional intelligence was found to account for variance in leadership, it did not add unique variance beyond social intelligence. Social intelligence appears to play a principal role in leadership
Conscientiousness Is Not Always a Good Predictor of Performance: The Case of Creativity
Meta-analyses investigating the relationship between Conscientiousness and performance suggest a positive relationship for a variety of criteria. However, recently it has been argued that Conscientiousness is not always a good predictor of performance, particularly for creative performance. Additionally, it has been suggested that Conscientiousness includes two distinct components, achievement and dependability, which may have different relationships with criterion measures. Two studies were conducted to determine whether the components of Conscientiousness predict creativity better than the full factor. Students in each study completed a measure of the Five Factor Model and a measure of creative performance. In the first study, creative accomplishments were measured and in the second study, creative problem solving was measured. As predicted, both studies revealed a cooperative suppression effect when analyzing the conscientiousness components together such that achievement was positively related and dependability negatively related to creative performance. Also, both studies showed that the overall Conscientiousness factor was not related to creativity
Schrödinger equation revisited
The time-dependent Schrödinger equation is a cornerstone of quantum physics and governs all phenomena of the microscopic world. However, despite its importance, its origin is still not widely appreciated and properly understood. We obtain the Schrödinger equation from a mathematical identity by a slight generalization of the formulation of classical statistical mechanics based on the Hamilton–Jacobi equation. This approach brings out most clearly the fact that the linearity of quantum mechanics is intimately connected to the strong coupling between the amplitude and phase of a quantum wave
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